The upper limbs are held out to each side, and the palms of the hands face forward as illustrated in Figure 1.4.1. Just as maps are normally oriented with north at the top, the standard body “map,” or anatomical position, is that of the body standing upright, with the feet at shoulder width and parallel, toes forward. To further increase precision, anatomists standardize the way in which they view the body. For example, in the disorder hypertension, the prefix “hyper-” means “high” or “over,” and the root word “tension” refers to pressure, so the word “hypertension” refers to abnormally high blood pressure. The root of a term often refers to an organ, tissue, or condition, whereas the prefix or suffix often describes the root. Because these languages are no longer used in everyday conversation, the meaning of their words do not change.Īnatomical terms are made up of roots, prefixes, and suffixes. Anatomical terms are derived from ancient Greek and Latin words. For example, you might say a scar “on the anterior antebrachium 3 inches proximal to the carpus”. For example, is a scar “above the wrist” located on the forearm two or three inches away from the hand? Or is it at the base of the hand? Is it on the palm-side or back-side? By using precise anatomical terminology, we eliminate ambiguity. Distinguish between major body cavitiesĪnatomists and health care providers use terminology that can be bewildering to the uninitiated however, the purpose of this language is not to confuse, but rather to increase precision and reduce medical errors.Identify three planes most commonly used in the study of anatomy.Describe the human body using directional and regional terms.Use appropriate anatomical terminology to identify key body structures, body regions, and directions in the body.By the end of this section, you will be able to:
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